A chemical compound consisting of nitrogen (82%) and hydrogen (18%) and has the chemical formula NH3. Ammonia is the main raw material used in the manufacture of all types of nitrogen fertilizers, consuming more than 80% of the global production of ammonia for this purpose. Ammonia is produced by converting natural gas (one of the most important sources of production) to hydrogen through a catalytic reaction, and the steam and air are used to complete this process, and nitrogen existing in the air is also used as a natural source of nitrogen needed to produce ammonia. Ammonia production is carried out in several phases from the phase of hydrogen production to purification of the hydrogen and nitrogen mixture of water and associated carbon dioxide and then separation of carbon dioxide to conversion of the hydrogen and nitrogen mixture to ammonia through catalytic reaction under certain conditions. Ammonia is produced in a gaseous form where it is gradually cooled up to -33 m5 to turn into liquid ammonia at atmospheric pressure to be kept in a storage tank with special specifications extended by a refrigeration unit to maintain proper storage conditions. 90% of ammonia produced in the factory is used in the production of granular urea and the excess ammonia is marketed in the local market.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF; marketed under the name AdBlue) is a fluid used to reduce the amount of air pollution produced by diesel engines. Specifically, AdBlue is a solution of urea diluted with high-purity deionized water, with a concentration of 32.5%, and it is completely free of formaldehyde. AdBlue is consumed in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process, which reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust emissions.